Release of Hormones and Growth Factors During Exercise
Exercise triggers the release of a variety of hormones and chemicals in the body that are beneficial for brain health. Here's an outline of some key substances:
Endorphins: Often referred to as "feel-good" hormones, endorphins are released during prolonged, continuous exercise, like running or cycling. They are known for their role in pain relief and feelings of euphoria.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF): This protein plays a crucial role in the survival, growth, and maintenance of neurons. Exercise boosts BDNF levels, which helps in improving cognitive functions, learning, and memory.
Serotonin: This neurotransmitter is key in mood regulation. Exercise can increase serotonin levels, which can lead to improved mood and a sense of calm.
Dopamine: Dopamine, another neurotransmitter, is linked to motivation, reward, and pleasure. Physical activity can elevate dopamine levels, enhancing motivation and pleasure sensations.
Norepinephrine: This hormone and neurotransmitter is associated with the body's stress response but also aids in attention and responding actions. Exercise can increase norepinephrine levels, which helps in stress management and concentration.
Growth Hormone: Exercise, particularly strength training, stimulates the release of growth hormone, which helps in tissue growth and repair. It's also linked to brain health as it can influence brain function.
Irisin: Released during physical activity, irisin is believed to stimulate BDNF production and may help in improving cognitive functions.
Adrenaline (Epinephrine): This hormone is released in response to physical exertion. It increases heart rate and blood flow, and is also linked to energy release and improved brain activity.
Cortisol: Known as the stress hormone, cortisol levels can be modulated by exercise. While chronic high levels of cortisol can be harmful, controlled release through exercise can help in managing stress.
Endocannabinoids: These are naturally produced compounds in the body similar to the active components of cannabis. Exercise increases endocannabinoid levels, which is thought to contribute to reduced anxiety and a sense of calm.
It's important to note that the extent and nature of these releases can vary depending on the type, intensity, and duration of exercise, as well as individual differences in physiology and fitness levels. Regular physical activity is generally considered beneficial for overall brain health, contributing to improved mood, cognitive function, and stress reduction.
